Overview
The scrotum (or scrotal sac) is a part of the external male genitalia that contains the testicles and related structures that produce, store, and transport sperm and male sex hormones. Pain in the scrotum can occur in males of any age, from newborn to older men. The testicles are very sensitive, so even minor injuries can cause pain or discomfort.
Causes
The most common causes of scrotal pain may include:
- Twisting of a testis (testicular torsion)
- Inflammation of the epididymis
- Twisting of the testicular appendage (a small piece of tissue attached to the testis)
Less common causes of scrotal pain include:
- A hernia in the groin
- Infection of the testis, usually caused by mumps or another virus
- Pain from a disorder in the abdomen
- Injury
When to visit a doctor
When men experience pain in the scrotum, certain symptoms and characteristics are cause for concern. These include:
- Sudden, severe pain
- Blisters or red/black discoloration of the scrotum
- Symptoms of severe illness, such as fever, difficulty breathing, sweating, etc.
- Swelling in the scrotum or groin area
Diagnosis
A doctor will collect a thorough medical history and ask questions about the person’s symptoms followed by a physical examination. The need for tests depends on what the doctor finds during the history and physical examination. Some testing that may be done includes:
- Urinalysis
- Urine culture
- Testing for STDs
- Ultrasound
- Examination of secretions from the prostate, which requires a rectal exam
Treatment
The treatment for scrotal pain is largely dependent on the cause. Your doctor will create a treatment plan based on your health history and symptoms. Treatment may include:
- Antibiotics to treat an infection
- Surgery to untwist the testicle
- Pain medications
- A surgical evaluation for potential correction of an undescended testicle
